旧货猎人第十一季

The doc will follow five families, who are equal parts street corner capitalists and Christmas die-hards, as they source, bargain, and hustle to sell as many trees as they can in the city that never sleeps.

　　“探索世界上最具标志性的电子游戏设计师的创意思维之旅，难得地深入了解了小岛秀夫创立自己的独立工作室时的过程。”

　　双脚小儿麻痹的阿龙原本准备孤老一生，但坚持为他组成家庭的母亲，花费不少金钱及心力，从越南带回了阿紫。阿紫是爸爸最疼的女儿，生长在贫穷的越南农村，为了家人的生存，她同意嫁到台湾。阿龙知道阿紫为了家庭存续，牺牲了自己的一切，但家人的歧视和控制不住的脾气，让两人渐行渐远，在这个没有期待的海边小村，被捆绑的两人日复一日，没有尽头。
　　为了完成家庭的束缚与期待，需要付出多大的代价？导演以阿龙和阿紫为中心，辐射出台湾社会潜在的传统价值观，迫于上一代的压力娶妻生子，在没有感情的基础下，与新住民的联姻造就无数破碎的家庭，以及单亲的下一代，最初要遵循的传统，反倒岌岌可危。

　　宇宙已经存在了好长一段时间，大约有137亿3千万年，误差也许可以加减个1亿2千万年。宇宙是如何组合起来的？它是如何建造的，它实际上是如何工作的？这些都是人类经常提出的问题。作为宇宙的一分子，我们都希望可以对这个神秘国度有更深入的认识。凭借一批专家和令人瞠目结舌的电脑三维动画技术，我们正在寻找一个最伟大的故事——关于我们和其他一切的起源的故事。美国探索频道的《宇宙有道理 第九季》要带领大家探究宇宙如何从无到有，从一个不起眼如针孔的小点演变成今日我们所看到的浩瀚宇宙。本片将为天文爱好者拆解种种谜团。
　　第1集 前进黑洞（上、下部 | 44分钟×2）（Journey to a Black Hole | 1h 24min）
　　第2集 彗星之旅（Mission to a Comet）
　　第3集 太阳的秘密（Secrets of the Sun）
　　第4集 微观世界的外星人（Aliens of the Microcosmos）
　　第5集 白矮星的诅咒（Curse of the White Dwarf）
　　第6集 星系之战（War of the Galaxies）
　　第7集 下一颗超新星（The Next Supernova）
　　第8集 中微子的秘密生活（Secret Lives of Neutrinos）
　　第9集 巨型黑洞的诞生（Birth of Monster Black Holes）
　　第10集 揭秘引力波（Gravitational Waves Revealed）
　　第11集 外星球的奥秘（Mystery of Alien Worlds）

　　露芙威斯海默博士身形嬌小，但卻是性治療及性教育界的巨人。八、九十年代，她在電視和電台節目上大膽談天說性，毫不諱言地探討各種禁忌話題，使她成為了家傳戶曉的名人。即使現在年屆90，她仍未言休，只要你願意聽，她必定語出驚人，教你如何享受性愛！導演賴恩韋特的鏡頭不但捕捉了露絲博士熱情跳脫的個性，也記錄了她樂天性格背後的悲慘過去：兒時經歷納粹大屠殺，父母雙亡。倖存下來的她，不但走出黑暗，更成為了先驅者，以熱情燃亮別人的生命。

　　《强岛》（Strong Island） 导演：扬斯·福特（Yance Ford） 入围2017年圣丹斯电影节纪录片单元

　　Go beyond the pitch with the personalities that power MLS. With unprecedented access to players, coaches and clubs, this series explores the electrifying moments and captivating stories that make the 2024 season unforgettable.

　　因为地理环境、文明历程和物产丰厚程度不尽相同，人们对食物的处理时而天差地别，时而异曲同工。不约而同的选择，造就世界的丰富多彩和殊途同归。
　　《风味人间》第2季，共8集，从全世界的角度出发，在特色鲜明的美食之中找出千丝万缕的联系。探究相同食材的不同做法、不同食材的相同做法、不同做法的相似味道。寻找新鲜、猎奇、少为人知的食材；提供趣味和知识，不断创造意外之喜；拍摄鲜活灵动的影像、采用故事化的叙事、进行平实亲切的讲述。

　　章节内容简介：
　　1 Beginnings（3100 B.C.——1000 A.D.）
　　(本片在时间上横越了4000年从铁器时代直至今日。)
　　古代英国是一个兴旺的地区，罗马人称它是一个声望和财富聚集的地方。当时很多英国酋长已经并接受了罗马式的规则并采取了罗马人的生活方式。Hadrian墙的建成标志着省在英国的出现。
　　在罗马帝国灭亡400之后，它的统一的梦想却流传了下来。Alfred公然向伪王国挑战，并且把海盗从王国的土地上赶走，最终一个王国被诺曼人征服了。
　　2 Conquest（1000——1087）
　　九个小时的战役（the Battle of Hastings）之后，一切都改变了，诺曼人取代了盎鲁——萨克逊人，英国从此走上另一条道路。
　　当法国人到来时，Harold解除了他哥哥Tostig的武装。他率领他的最后的部队向南冲锋了187英里。最后他在Senlac山上面对着向他冲来的威廉的骑士和弓箭手。
　　1066年的圣诞节那天，威廉登上了英格兰的王位，英国成为诺曼人帝国的一部分，而威廉也成为第一个王。
　　3 Dynasty（1087——1216）
　　1066年之后，Angevin王朝征服了，Schama（作者）说“征服所迎得的是混乱、屠杀、饥荒、勒索”
　　留在英国人心里的是亨利2世，那个建立了延续到今日的法律体制和城市服务的男人。尽管被人们记忆最深的是他谋杀了最powerful的烈士Thomas Becket。
　　在亨利的四个儿子中，两个当了国王。其中Richard对他的父亲宣战并在十字军东征中被捕，而John的失败则是被他的男爵鼓动印刷了Magna Carta.
　　4 Nations（1216 ——1348）
　　威尔士, 苏格兰 和爱尔兰在放弃取走他们的民族统一身份之后，统一了他们的思想，宣言要从Edward I残暴统治下独立。
　　苏格兰对英格兰发动战争，并请威尔士加盟一同反对他们的最高统治者。而这却导致了爱尔兰血灾。
　　威尔士，紧接着苏格兰，一个个倒在爱德华一世的铁锤下。爱德华一世建立了自罗马以来的最强大的帝国系统。
　　5 King Death（1348——1500）
　　这是一个关于黑死病的故事——一个肮脏的疾病在一周内传遍整个英国。
　　6 Burning Convictions（1500——1558）
　　亨利想从罗马教皇分离，声称自己就是英国的教皇。这导致了英国的改革。在那几十年里英国的天主教被抛弃。1536 和 1538年10000名僧侣被uprooting。修道院分解，他们的财产被重新分配。
　　伊丽莎白成功的策划了宗教的政变
　　7 The Body of the Queen（1558——1603）
　　这是关于两位女皇的故事——务实的精明谨慎的伊丽莎白和苏格兰的玛丽。
　　伊丽莎白清楚身为一个女子要统治一个国家十分困难，并且要控制宗教世界,更加困难。当玛丽离开英格兰，她发现她自己已经被囚禁，唯一的自由就是听从伊丽莎白女王的命令。
　　伊丽莎白完全掌握了英国的命运，在英国呼风唤雨，经过了宗教的改革和，战胜西班牙无敌舰队之后，她成就了伟大的大不列颠。
　　8 The British Wars（1603——1649）
　　在国家统一之前，查尔斯一世相信君权神授能解决能够安定当时分崩离析的国家。
　　从苏格兰的祈祷书开始蔓延到对税收抵制和议会的要求。在这场王权与议会、骑士与圆卢党、苏格兰威尔士以及爱尔兰的战争中，最终死亡了75万人。
　　这场战争最终以英国的统一为结局，但统一后不再是联合王国，取而代之的是联合共和国。
　　9 Revolutions（1649——1689）
　　内战的结果是英国成为由奥利佛?克伦威尔领导的无君主的共和体。克伦威尔通过强暴的手段进行统治。当议会公然挑战的他的权威，他攻击议会并将它关闭了。他除了给自己起了一个冠冕堂皇的名字之外，一切所作所为与国王毫无差别。
　　但当克伦威尔死后，查尔斯二世复辟了帝国。
　　10 Britannia Incorporated（1690——1750）
　　17世纪90年代英格兰，沉浸在光荣革命的胜利的喜悦中，他们迎来了新的时代，新的国王——威廉三世。然而在正在遭受的贫穷和饥饿的苏格兰，依然支持被罢免的王国詹姆斯二世。
　　苏格兰和英格兰的关系转这点是1692年的Glencoe屠杀。半个世纪后，两个国家在利润的驱动下成为了合伙人，并且在1707年实现的联合。
　　11 The Wrong Empire（1750——1800）
　　一个人怎么能让自己的自由过多地区从与世界。 一个对自己军队不信任的国家，变成了地球上军事最强大的国家。帝国的自由变成了帝国的奴隶吗？
　　在野心、奴隶和勇敢地探险的帮助下英国建立了一个强大帝国，将它的国旗插遍了全球。通过令人上瘾的茶叶、糖和咖啡贸易，它控制了殖民地。
　　12 Forces of Nature（1780——1832）
　　英国从1789年法国革命中吸取了不少的经验。这个章节将解释这一点。
　　13 Victoria and her Sisters（1830——1910）
　　维多利亚女王18岁登基，、统治一个令人疼痛但在工业革命中迅速发展的国家。
　　混乱和革命预示着s和t，但事实上家庭生活习惯和传统依然是国家稳定的基石。
　　14 The Empire of Good Intentions（1830——1925）
　　大英帝国承诺了和平、稳定和繁荣。但在爱尔兰和印度却如此相像的充斥着暴力和饥荒。
　　15 The Two Winstons（1910——）
　　最后一章陷入了对过去的英国20世纪的历史的沉思中。
　　探讨了英国在两次世界大战中命运。消沉和不安的战后和平。
　　十字军东征和世纪宣言给我们什么暗示 Orwell's 1984的英雄Winston Smith预见了同时代的政治前景？
　　英国史介绍
　　对于一个不了解英国历史的人来说，本片是很好的教材。本片再现了英国文明的成长历程，从巨石文化的新石器时代到辉煌的伊丽莎白时代，穿越17世纪暴乱的国内战争到日不落大不列颠帝国。这是一个生动的，有些情景可以说是血腥的故事。它有15个章节组成。从令人毛骨悚然的黑死病在短时间内使英国一半的人丧生。Henry II, Anne Boleyn和Thomas Wolsey的政治操控致使英国与罗马天主教决裂……
　　在古代、中世纪时期，英国这个大西洋中的蕞尔小岛，未受到人们的重视。在古代人所绘制的世界地图上，英国被置于地球边缘的天涯海角。当时欧洲大陆的人，隔着英吉利海峡，隐隐约约见到不列颠岛岸边雾茫茫中的灰白色山崖，称之为阿尔比昂。在古代诗歌中，这个名称就是指英国。至于岛上的具体情况，知道的人很少。直到中世纪，一些欧洲大陆的人还以鄙夷的眼光来看待它。1414年，在黑海岸边的康士坦察召开的一次天主教国际会议上，法国、德国、西班牙等国的代表认为，英国不过是像丹麦、葡萄牙一样的小国家，它的代表不能与其他大国代表平起平坐，不应享有表决权。
　　但到了近代，英国一跃而为在欧洲举足轻重的强国。在国际斗争中，它的代表纵横捭阖，折冲樽俎，各国统治者无不对之刮目相看。靠了日益富强的国力和强大的海军，英国先后在16、17、18世纪击败了西班牙、荷兰、法国，成为所向无敌的海上霸主。英国的船舰，驰骋于世界各地的海洋上，气势汹汹，不可一世。以后它又将殖民主义的触角，伸向全世界各个角落，逐步建立起人类有史以来最庞大的“日不落”殖民帝国。凡阳光一天24小时照耀之处，都可以看到英国殖民主义者的旗帜在飘扬，英国近代历史也就成为这时期世界历史的不可或缺的重要组成部分。
　　正像世界上别的国家、民族一样，英国历史也有它的特点，其重要特点之一是，长期而持久的议会传统。从中世纪以来，英国的议会就一直存在，未曾长时期停止过。到17世纪时，议会作为领导革命的核心力量，发动了推翻君主专制的斗争，将国王送上了断头台，建立了没有国王、上议院由人民选举产生的下议院掌握最高权力的共和国。这次革命是在欧洲封建制度发生危机的环境下产生的。它是欧洲封建制危机的最深刻、最尖锐的反映，同时又反过来对整个欧洲产生了深远的影响。在革命中，社会中下层人民摆脱了封建制度的桎梏，意气风发，表现出了巨大的创造性。革命时期人民的精神焕发、热情蓬勃的气概，引起了当时人的极大振奋。诗人弥尔顿对此欢呼道，他好像看到一个强大的民族，“像从沉睡中醒来的巨人，摇撼着他那沉重的枷锁，奋然站立了起来！”
　　虽然后来克伦威尔建立的军事专政的护国公制，将革命的民主进程加以扼杀，为斯图亚特王朝复辟开辟了道路，但在王政复辟时期，王党分子竭力将历史车轮扭转到革命前的企图遭到了失败。经过二三十年的复杂斗争后，斯图亚特王朝再度被推翻，詹姆斯二世只得流窜国外，才逃脱了像他父亲那样被斩首的命运。
　　1688年“光荣革命”后，英国的立宪君主制逐渐建立并巩固了起来。这是当时世界上最民主的政治体制。在这段时期，欧洲大陆和东方各国，普遍存在着君主专制制度。君主的意志就是法律。社会各阶层劳动群众都在专制君主的枷锁下忍受熬煎。法国的路易十四，自称“朕即国家”，把国家与他个人等同起来。那些匍匐于他的足下的臣僚，阿谀地称他为“太阳王”。在“太阳王”的凡尔赛宫廷豪华奢靡的阴影下，有多少人在专制暴政的重轭下，过着暗无天日的悲惨生活！那个著名的巴士底狱“铁面人”的故事，只是由于伏尔泰在《路易十四时代》一书中加以揭露，才为世人所共知。实际上远比这一事件更为凄惨的事又有多少！在沙皇专制农奴制的“黑暗王国”，在“身穿裙子头戴皇冠的答尔丢失（骗子手）”叶卡特琳娜二世及“戴着王冠的警察”尼古拉一世的野蛮统治下，俄国的千千万万农奴过着牛马不如的生活。叶卡特琳娜二世曾先后把约达80万个农民赏赐给她的宠臣作农奴。农奴主可以任意对这些农奴加以买卖、虐待，甚至杀害。在当时俄国的两家报纸《莫斯科新闻》和《圣彼得堡新闻》上，经常登载着把农奴和跑马、猎犬一起出卖的广告。女地主萨尔蒂科娃把许多农奴活活折磨至死。在这些暴君的严密控制下，人们在公开场合只能听到对“太阳王”和“仁慈沙皇”的歌功颂德，但实际上，受压榨和迫害的千万劳动群众，却对残害人民的统治者怀着刻骨的愤恨。18世纪时，法国的梅里叶曾尖锐地指出：“暴君是当代最大的强盗和刽子手。”俄国的拉吉舍夫在1790年出版的《从彼得堡到莫斯科的旅行记》一书中揭露，在专制农奴制的俄国，农民遭遇的是“带枷的罪犯的命运、被囚于地牢的囚徒的命运、轭下牛马的命运”。他认为沙皇是“一切凶手中最凶残的凶手、一切罪犯中最严重的罪犯”；一死还不足以偿其辜，他应该“死一百次”。
　　和上述这些国家比较起来，英国具有相对自由、民主的政治和社会环境。在这样的环境下，科学文化界人士得以自由地发挥自己的才智，为科学文化事业作出自己的贡献。有人估计，从17世纪中叶到18世纪中叶，全世界最重要的科学成就中，大约有40%都是由英国学者作出的。在世界知名的科学家中，包括从牛顿到达尔文等一系列英国伟大的学者。在哲学、社会科学方面，也是群星璀璨，先后出现了洛克、亚当?斯密、大卫?李嘉图、休谟、吉本、麦考莱、韦伯夫妇、汤因比等人；在文学艺术上，莎士比亚、拜伦、雪莱、狄更斯、萧伯纳等，更是妇孺皆知。
　　英国的相对民主自由的政治和比较宽松的社会环境，不仅为本国人民发挥聪明才智和创造性、积极性奠定了条件，而且也为欧洲大陆专制君主制国家的进步人士提供了避难所。在近代早期，当法国掀起宗教迫害的浪潮时，数万名胡格诺教徒逃到了英国。后来，在流亡到英国的大批人物中，包括马克思、赫尔岑等革命家、思想家。《资本论》及其他许多马克思主义著作，就都是在英国出版的。革命民主主义者赫尔岑在伦敦创办了“自由俄罗斯印刷所”，并出版《北极星》、《钟声》杂志，发表革命民主主义文章，鼓吹在俄国推翻沙皇专制农奴制。1864年，国际工人协会，即第一国际，就是在伦敦的圣马丁堂成立的。
　　英国的立宪君主制和议会制，成为封建专制国家的先进人士向往的榜样。18世纪法国的启蒙学者伏尔泰、孟德斯鸠以及法国其他一些政治家，都曾在他们的著作中，表示了对英国民主政治的向往。19世纪末，中国的维新运动兴起的时候，英国的政治制度是维新派人士效法的榜样。
　　英国历史上的另一特点是，从中世纪以来，它的军事官僚国家机器比较薄弱，同时它的社会阶级关系流动性比较大，阶级之间的界限不太严格。这些特点，对英国历史发展产生了深远的影响。
　　在近代早期，英国没有常备军和固定的警察，甚至国王本人都没有固定的卫队，遇到紧急状况时，国王临时能够召集起来的武装人员不过几十人。在国家政治、军事生活中，武装力量主要由民兵组成。直到19世纪中叶，英国仍是世界上军事官僚国家机器最薄弱的国家之一。马克思曾根据这一点，认为英国在客观上有可能通过实行普选权，用和平方式过渡到社会主义。同时，这些特点使英国的政治生活具有相对的灵活性。政治矛盾和社会矛盾往往通过小的变动即可调整，不致蓄积起来，爆发为大规模的暴力冲突。在英国历史上，除了17世纪革命时期的内战之外，从来没有发生过大规模暴力斗争事件。
　　上述的政治、军事和社会阶级关系特征，造成了在英国各种政治党派政策中和政治思潮中浓重的和平渐进的改良主义。长期稳定的政治局势，社会阶级关系流动性、灵活性较大，对科学技术发明的鼓励，以及善于吸收国外先进科学知识和生产技术等，加上其他自然条件，使英国在世界上首先发生了工业革命。当英国工业革命刚发生的时候，在大陆上，法国大革命正轰轰烈烈地进行。人们的注意力都被法国大革命的翻天覆地的暴力场面所吸引，未曾注意在英国发生的不太喧嚣的经济技术变革进程。但一个多世纪以后，工业革命的深远影响却日益显现了出来。它不但在生产技术上和经济上引起重大变革，而且导致了社会阶级结构的翻天覆地的大变化。在生产技术上，机器生产代替了手工劳动，生产量和生产率成几十倍甚至几百倍的增长。从工业革命开始到19世纪中叶，英国的棉纱产量增加了四五十倍，生产率也迅速增长；19世纪初，英国一个普通纺纱工纺出的棉纱，相当于工业革命前二三百个手工纺纱工同时间纺出的棉纱产量。
　　工业革命也大大改变了人同自然的关系和人同人之间的关系。在人类历史发展的长河中，在千万年的时期里，由于生产力低下，人类在无法克服的自然界威力面前，只能以依赖和屈从的态度去取得与自然界的协调。世界上大多数人，虽然终年辛劳，含辛茹苦，仍无法从自然界取得维持温饱的衣食。直到中世纪时，在欧洲，无论乡村或城市，约有一半的人经常处于难以维持生命的最低生活水平。遇到荒年，往往饿殍遍野。直到16世纪末和17世纪初，在英国的坎布利亚等地还曾有许多人饿死，甚至在首都伦敦也有饿死人的事发生。就全世界来说，工业革命前，即1750年，全世界人口约7.5亿人，以当时生产力的水平来看，全世界顶多只能养活的人为10亿。工业革命后，世界人口激增，100年后，即1850年为12亿人，1950年为25亿人。虽然人口激增，但工业革命后带来的生产力的巨大增长，足以保证全世界人口平均收入的不断提高。英国在19世纪的100年中，人口增加了3倍，但按人口平均计算的实际收入仍然增加了4倍。有人说，英国工业革命是一个成功的例证，因为它的结果是：“在人口增加的同时，生产出了更多的产品，按人口平均计算的产品在增长。”英国工业革命所具有的重大历史意义，实际上超过了一般的政治革命事件。
　　与此同时，工业革命在交通运输方面所造成的重大技术发展，在人际关系和国际关系方面也产生了非常深远的影响。在工业革命之前，各地区和各国之间的交通非常不便，山川阻隔，往往成为不可克服的障碍。各地区、各国人民之间，永世隔绝，互不来往，这是造成了人们之间互相隔阂、猜忌以至争战的客观因素。工业革命后，交通运输工具飞速发展，人际来往、国家关系越来越密切；各国与各地区都由统一的经济链条联系在一起，世界各地区人民之间利害一致性日益增强。从长远的历史眼光来看，四海一家的前景越来越近。
　　然而，我们说近代英国的政治比较民主自由，只是与欧洲大陆及东方的专制君主制相比较而言。实际上，英国在近代历史时期，主权在民的民主进程始终未能贯彻到底。即使在17世纪革命高潮时期，以克伦威尔为首的当权派即已用残酷手段，将要求把民主进程深入发展下去的中下层人民，及代表他们利益的平等派和掘地派加以镇压。平等派的领导人李尔本等被逮捕、监禁，要求民主的士兵阿诺尔德、洛克叶和汤普逊被枪杀。书报检查制度虽然在1695年被废除，并且以后也未再恢复，但揭露和批判现实政治腐败的作家仍遭到迫害。著名的威尔克斯案件就是一个例证。托马斯?潘恩也因为发表了批评英国政府的著作而遭受迫害，他不得不逃往国外。18世纪末，英国国内激进民主主义兴起时，英国政府颁布法令，暂停“人身保护法”生效，又制订“叛逆行为法”和“叛乱集合法”，限定人民的言论、集会自由，违者将遭严惩，直至判处死刑。法庭以“散播不满和叛乱种子”的罪名将激进民主人士托马斯?缪尔流放到澳大利亚。在19世纪英国进行的三次议会改革中，选举权虽然不断扩大，但约占全国人口一半的妇女，始终被排斥在选举权之外。一直到1918年第四次议会改革时，妇女才取得了选举权，而且年龄被限定在30岁以上。英国工人运动兴起后，英国统治阶级多次用武力对工人加以镇压。1819年发生了“彼得卢屠杀”惨案。宪章运动时，政府调集军警，屡加破坏，最后竟命令“铁公爵”威林顿率大批武装力量来对付工人群众。
　　当英国作为国外先进人士避难所的同时，英国统治阶级在对外关系上却执行着镇压革命和殖民侵略的政策。法国革命开始后，英国统治者成了当时反对法国革命的主要倡导者和组织者。从18世纪末到1815年的滑铁卢战役，英国断断续续进行了长达20余年的反法战争。在英国推行殖民侵略过程中，英国的殖民主义者在世界广大地区抢占土地、屠杀人民、掠夺财货。英国国内的工商业繁荣，在很大程度上也是靠了掠夺殖民地人民的血汗。我国历史上的第一个不平等条约，就是由英国殖民主义者挟其坚船利炮，用血与火的手段，通过鸦片战争强加到我国人民头上的。所以在世界近代历史上，英国也扮演了反动的角色。
　　英国的工业革命，虽然具有巨大的进步作用，但在它的早期也带来了一些消极影响。工业革命后，资产阶级的财富飞速增长，但劳动群众却反而陷入水深火热之中。在工业化的资本主义社会，工人阶级“无论作为一个人或一个阶级，都不能像人一样的生活、感觉和思想”。拿卡莱尔的话来说，工业革命后所建立起来的工厂，不过是像“昏暗、肮脏的牢房”。1851年在伦敦水晶宫举行世界博览会时，英国的产品琳琅满目，参观者都对之赞不绝口。英国的工商业者作为“世界工厂”的主人而志满意得。帕麦斯顿在讲演中说：“我们的民族显示出一个榜样，即在我们的社会中，每一个阶级都以欢乐愉快的心情，接受了上帝安排给他们的命运。”然而事实却是，工业革命时期，在新的工厂制度下进行劳动的工人阶级，他们的工资待遇、劳动条件、生活条件都处于非常悲惨的状况下。在迅速兴建起来的大城市中，社会秩序混乱，环境污秽肮脏，工人们麇集在嘈杂、喧嚣的厂房中，无日无夜地辛苦劳动。大工业城市成了没有诗歌、花朵和友爱的荒漠。英国学者哈孟德说，这些“新式的纺纱厂和新式炼铁厂，就好像是金字塔一样，把它们长长的阴影投射在这个以它们为自豪的社会之上。”工业革命后，“迈达斯的祸害”在社会上到处弥漫，就好像古希腊寓言中的国王迈达斯一样，人们贪婪地企图把一切都变成黄金，结果却丢掉了许多远比黄金更宝贵的东西。工业化后的资本主义社会，只说明“人类社会的被奴役，而不能说明人类社会有力量”。汤因比指出：“工业革命证明了，自由竞争可以创造财富，但不能创造幸福。”现在我国在进行社会主义工业化，在这个过程中，如何吸取英国工业革命的经验和教训，值得注意。

　　本纪录片回溯90年代为饶舌音乐奠定坚固基石的广播节目，Stretch and Bobbito他们独具慧眼的採访了Jay-Z、Nas、the Notorious B.I.G.等当年尚未发迹的音乐人，催生了纽约东岸饶舌音乐，改变流行世界版图。
　　Stretch and Bobbito的影响无远弗届，创造一股难以撼动的风潮，不仅是推动嬉哈文化的重要媒体，也为众多日后的嬉哈大腕的成名平台。本片以难得一见的历史画面佐以Jay-Z、Eminem、Nas、Busta Rhymes、Fat Joel最新访谈而成，当然两位备受推崇的重要舵手也在电影中现身说法，娓娓道来百花齐放的嬉哈年代。

　　Agusta 109K2: Alpine Medivac Rescue
　　Straight Up's exploration of vertical flight begins with a high-impact alpine rescue amid an avalanche. The dramatic opening sequence documents the dangerous work of the Rega mountain rescue team and the invaluable role of the Agusta A109K2 helicopter in saving lives and minimizing injuries.
　　As the camera pans over beautiful vistas of the snow-covered Swiss Alps, it cuts to a cornice, as a chunk of snow breaks free, triggering an avalanche. The tranquil scene is shattered as the avalanche thunders down the mountain slopes. With terrifying speed, it heads straight for a mother and child trapped in their car, wheels spinning on the icy road.
　　The mother calls for help on her cell phone, and a second call from a snowplow prompts radio dispatch. The Rega mountain rescue team already is airborne en route to the scene, the red cross painted on the helicopter's white underbelly signaling that medical help is on the way. The mother escapes, but her son is missing. Within minutes of the helicopter landing, the rescue team dig out the car, extract the trapped boy, apply first aid, and airlift him and his mother to safety.
　　A significant mountain hazard, avalanches are responsible for many deaths each year. Time is of the essence in avalanche rescue work. A person has a 90 percent chance of survival if found within the first 15 minutes, but one's chances of survival diminish with each passing minute. Not only do helicopters provide quick access for rescue teams, they also provide a lifeline to medical care. Flying the injured to the nearest hospital as rapidly as possible is not the only type of rescue operation; often helicopters bring the hospital to the injured, who receive treatment at the scene.
　　The powerful avalanche was shot in British Columbia's Selkirk Mountains under the supervision of the Canadian Avalanche Association. The CAA controls avalanche risk for the safety of heli-skiers. To capture the avalanche head-on, avalanche expert and filmmaker Steve Krochel and David Douglas developed a quarter-inch-thick steel container for the IMAX camera, which was equipped with a triggering device and a beeper so that the camera could be found once the avalanche had swept it down the mountain.
　　The rescue was completed in Switzerland's Bernina Pass near the Italian border. Filming the Rega rescue helicopter air-to-air sequence turned into an international excursion as Douglas chased the sunlight over Italy in one direction and in Austria in another before setting down in Switzerland. In another dramatic shot, Douglas centered the red cross in the crosshairs of the camera lens as the craft descended. To facilitate this shot, Douglas dug a hole in the snow large enough to accommodate himself and the IMAX camera. Inside the hole, 3 feet below the helicopter, he filmed its takeoff.
　　According to Douglas, "The helicopter is the instrument of rapid response to natural physical and social disasters around the world, alleviating human suffering on a major scale. For the individual caught beyond the limits of training or equipment, often the last chance for survival is the hope that a helicopter will get to them in time. "
　　The Pitcairn PCA 2, "Miss Champion"
　　For centuries humans dreamed of flight. The Chinese, in the 12th century, developed a toy helicopter made from a pair of slats mounted on a stick, but serious efforts had to wait until the early 20th century. Then, after the Wright brothers' historic flight at Kitty Hawk, we dreamed of flight unfettered by the limitations of runways and airports. Yet by the early 1930s we were still at the dawn of the practical rotorcraft, which promised to give form to humanity's vision.
　　The ten year period between 1925 and 1935 was an exciting time in aviation history, but few aircraft so caught and held the public's attention, as the Autogiro. Nicknamed the "flying windmill," this strange-looking aircraft was first successfully flown in 1923 by the Spanish inventor, Juan de la Cierva, who had been working on the development of such a craft since 1919. The Autogiro fascinated the air-minded public because of its remarkable performance and high degree of safety, attracting such leaders of American aviation as Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart.
　　Juan de la Cierva sold the American manufacturing rights to Harold Pitcairn in 1928. Pitcairn's Autogiro boasted a more modern fuselage with better aerodynamic qualities. It also provided prospective buyers with a choice of either a 300- or 420-horsepower engine.
　　In the film, Harold Pitcairn's son Stephen flies "Miss Champion," a 1931 model. This Autogiro, used for promotion by the Champion Spark Plug Company, is controlled like an airplane, but is lifted with blades. Although the original rotor blades have seen 1,600 hours of flight time, they are still airworthy. With a 330-horsepower Wright R 975-E engine, the Autogiro has a cruising speed of 98 mph and a top speed of 118 mph. "Miss Champion" led a National Air Tour and made the then-risky 300- mile-long flight from Miami to Havana, Cuba. (Until then, the longest over-water flight by an Autogiro had been 25 miles in length.) Later, "Miss Champion" flew nonstop over a distance of 500 miles to Chichen Itza in the Yucatan rainforest. "Miss Champion" was retired from active service in 1932 after setting a new altitude record for rotary-wing aircraft. Climbing to a height of 21,500 feet in 1932, the Autogiro surpassed the previous record set by Amelia Earhart. Today, the Autogiro is considered to be the evolutionary "missing link" from which the practical helicopter was born.
　　Forty years later Stephen Pitcairn began the formidable task of collecting and restoring examples of his father's aircraft. He tracked down "Miss Champion" and in October of 1982 began the painstaking task of restoration, using the original Pitcairn factory drawings. In the spring of 1985 "Miss Champion" flew again.
　　The Bell 47G: A Flying Lesson
　　Since Pitcairn's Autogiro, improved control systems allow the airframe to rise directly from the ground with a powered rotor. Straight Up! puts you in the pilot's seat of a Bell 47G as the basic elements of helicopter operation are demonstrated. The Bell 47G's single-rotor configuration is by far the most common type used today. Your flying lesson begins.
　　As a helicopter pilot, the pilot uses all four limbs to fly, all at the same time! With the left hand holding the collective pitch control lever, he pulls up ever so slightly, and we go straight up into a slow-motion hover. The spinning rotor blades act as small wings, but they spin so fast that they create one continuous disc of lift. When the blades change angle, or pitch collectively, the helicopter rises or falls. The pilot's right hand always holds the cyclic control, effectively tilting the whirling disc above. Point left, tilt left. Point right, tilt right. The camera then closes in on the tail rotor. Once again, the altering of the blades affects direction. The chopper spins in response to the pilot's depressing one of the two foot pedals. If he depresses the second pedal, the helicopter spins in the opposite direction.
　　The Piasecki H-21B Tandem Rotor Aircraft, "The Flying Banana"
　　The last flying H-21B helicopter in the world takes off, heads for the beach and cruises 100 feet above the Pacific surf off the coast of California. One of the earliest tandem helicopters, the H-21B represents the birth of the heavy lift helicopters and dates back to the early 1950s. Nicknamed "The Flying Banana" for its shape, the H-21B had more power and greater stability than previous helicopters. The tandem-rotor H-21B carries two sets of wooden blades situated nearly 50 feet apart but operated by one set of helicopter flight controls. The pilot must be ever vigilant, as this helicopter could rapidly invert should the pilot let go of the controls.
　　The vintage H-21B used for the film was decommissioned from the U.S. Air Force in 1972 and was restored by the California-based Classic Rotors: The Rare and Vintage Rotocraft Museum. This nonprofit museum and restoration facility, dedicated to the preservation of unique, vintage and rare rotorcraft, spent more than 10,000 hours returning the H-21B to airworthiness. Every hour flown requires 100 hours of maintenance. Classic Rotors is the only museum of its kind to maintain eight helicopters in flying condition. When its new facility in San Diego has been completed, the museum will expand its exhibits from 15 to 30 vintage rotorcraft.
　　One of the highlights of its collection is a famous relative of the H-21B. This is a V 44 (the commercial version of the H-21)-nicknamed "The Holy One"-and is the only one to land at the Vatican and be blessed by the pope. While on a 1959 demonstration tour in Europe, the helicopter and its crew had provided help to Italian communities following a devastating earthquake.
　　Future Helicopter Designs
　　One aspect of current research centers around the development of "quiet technology" that will allow helicopters to become better neighbors and to operate more stealthily in police and military operations.
　　Quiet technology advances rely on a combination of technologies, which include improved rotor blade design and the user of rotor systems with four or more blades. Replacing the tail rotor with a Coanda-effect NOTAR (NoTailRotor) system goes a long way in reducing noise, as does shrouding the tail rotor in an arrangement know as a "fan-in-fin." Other advances focus on noise-dampening air inlets and improved engine nozzles.
　　New helicopter designs are tested in the world's largest wind tunnel at the NASA Ames Flight Research Center located at Moffett Field in California. Ames was founded in 1939 as an aircraft research laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which became part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958. NASA has the leading role in aerospace operations systems, which include air traffic control, flight effects on humans, and rotorcraft technology. NASA Ames scientists and engineers study robotic helicopters, high-speed hybrids, and advances in quiet technology. The center also has major responsibilities for the creation of design and development tools and for wind tunnel testing.
　　The NASA-Bell XV-15 Tilt-rotor
　　In the film, an XV-15 converts over Dallas-Fort Worth Airport. The XV-15 is an experimental rotorcraft, the parent of a new family of aircraft called "tilt-rotors." The tilt-rotor combines the hovering ability of the helicopter with the speed of a fixed-wing aircraft. The XV-15 can take off and land like a helicopter. The audience will see the engines tilting forward as the tilt-rotor becomes a high-speed plane.
　　The Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey
　　A V-22 Osprey unwraps, emerging like a prehistoric flying dinosaur. Built primarily for the U.S. Marines, Air Force, and Navy, the V-22 Osprey has wings that pivot and rotors that fold to facilitate its storage at sea. In less than 90 seconds, you will see the V-22 complete this process. Although still classified as a tilt-rotor, it is faster, with three times the range and more than ten times the payload of its predecessor. It shows the promise of long-distance travel, without airports.
　　The Hawk 4 Gyroplane
　　Rotorcraft evolution is also in the hands of the entrepreneur, and this independent spirit is most evident in the Hawk 4 Gyroplane. While some designs produce groundbreaking changes, this aircraft brought the economy and safety of the Autogiro into the space age. A rotor is used for slow-speed flight, but at high-speed cruising all the lift is provided by the wing while the rotor has no lift. The Gyroplane shows promise as a high-speed, low-disc-loading rotorcraft.
　　The Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche
　　The Comanche rips and dips across the screen, set against a sunset. This prototype helicopter has stealth technology. It's smart, agile, fast and invisible to radar. It's the first helicopter to provide real-time digital data to headquarters. Seeing in the dark, sensing the forces at play around us and acting on the evidence in real time, the Comanche is a complex flying machine with a human being at its heart. Everyday, in unexpected ways, it extends our powers and puts us to work with a revolutionary tool.
　　The Comanche is the central element of the U.S. Army's future Objective Force. In addition to its complement of missiles and 20-mm cannon, the aircraft carries state-of-the-art sensors and avionics to provide battlefield commanders with so much accurate information about enemy movements. This knowledge will translate into more precise targeting, increasing the effectiveness of friendly forces beyond current capabilities.
　　The U.S. Army has defined a requirement of more than 1,200 Comanches for the Objective Force. The RAH Comanche, the army's 21st-century combat helicopter is being developed by the U.S. Army and a team of leading aerospace companies headed by the Boeing Company and Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a unit of United Technologies Corporation.
　　The Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and AS 350 B2 AStar Enforce the Law
　　Events swiftly unfold as the radar plane spots an "unidentified" Cessna dropping bundles of drugs off the coast of Miami at dawn. A signal alerts the Marine and Air Branch of U.S. Customs who speed out to intercept the smugglers. Just as the drugs are transferred from boat to van, The AStar helicopter bursts over the treetops, deploying a tactical team to arrest the driver. While the smuggler's Cigarette boat attempts to escape, a Black Hawk helicopter dips down to create a giant backwash. In a stunning display of impeccable teamwork, this action forces the fleeing boat to swerve to a halt as a Customs boat cuts it off and apprehends the criminals.
　　On a typical day, the U.S. Customs Service examines 1.3 million passengers, 2,642 aircraft, 50,889 trucks/containers, 355,004 other vehicles, 588 vessels, 64,923 entries and undertakes the following enforcement actions: 64 arrests, 107 narcotic seizures, 223 other seizures, 9 currency seizures. These amount to 5,059 pounds of narcotics, $443,907 in currency, $228,803 in conveyances, $525,791 in merchandise and more than $15,800 in arms and ammunition.
　　Filmed over a period of five days off the coast of Miami, the air, land, and sea drug bust was staged by the U.S. Customs Service, which relies heavily on helicopters during such operations.
　　U.S. Customs pilot, Tom Stanton, participated in the shoot with his co-pilot Kimberly Kessel. Kessel is one of seven women U.S. Customs pilots and only one of two qualified to fly Black Hawks. Both pilots volunteered to work with the film crew. Says Kessel, a graduate of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, "They were phenomenal, ready to try anything."
　　In addition to daytime flights, Stanton flies the riskier night missions. "Flying at night is dangerous as you lose all perception of what's up or down because both the sky and ocean are black, so they just kind of run in together. There's no horizon on those dark nights," says the veteran pilot.
　　Typically he flies from 300 to 500 feet above the water at 120 to 150 knots. "Not many people fly that low, even in the daytime," says Stanton. "There's no autopilot, so it's hands on. Plus you're chasing someone. You have to be aware. It can get tense out there."
　　Stanton describes an air chase: "Once there's a target, we launch a jet with radar. The jet pilot calls the helicopter out and we link up, flying in formation. We follow the bad guy wherever he goes. If he has extended-range fuel tanks, we leapfrog and send another helicopter out to take up the chase. (The Black Hawk carries five hours of fuel.) When he gets into his landing configuration, we call the local police or sheriff to help us out." The Black Hawk, which can carry up to 14 people, typically carries 4 or 5 armed personnel, "so we instantly have a force of police officers there to get the bad guys."
　　"If it's a boat, we have Cigarette boats like the smugglers. We'll call our boat and have it intercept." Stanton flies the Black Hawk next to the boat, making it hard for the smugglers to navigate. "It intimidates them into giving up. Sometimes they do [but] sometimes we chase them for hours. Or we'll follow them into a marina and block them until our boats come. If they hit the beach, we'll call the state police or sheriff, and they set up a perimeter so the guy can't get out."
　　Stanton, who flies missions as often as once or twice a week, has been flying for 26 years, 13 of those as an army helicopter pilot before he joined U.S. Customs in Miami where he is the "standardization instructor pilot." He makes sure that everybody flies the same way, so that when they team up, the pilots easily work in tandem. Pilots fly 8-hour shifts and the operation goes on 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in areas covering both the Canadian and Mexican land borders, the Atlantic and Pacific coastlines, and the Gulf of Mexico.
　　The MD 500E Helicopter
　　A MD 500 helicopter hovers directly above 500,000-volt power lines. As it inches closer, a lightning bolt suddenly zaps out from the hot line, arcing toward the wand extended by a lineman perched on an aluminum platform that juts out from the helicopter. The "hot-line-qualified" lineman clamps onto the power lines, and helicopter backs off, leaving him to "wire walk," crawling along parallel lines to inspect the PPL power line grid, 100 feet off the ground. To reboard the helicopter, the lineman must "bond off," reversing the procedure.
　　"I don't give two hoots and a holler about flying inside a helicopter. Put me outside, that's where I want to be," says Daniel "Spider" Lockhart, AgRotors lineman. There's only three things I've been afraid of most of my life: One was electricity, one was heights and the other was women. And, I'm married too," he grins. "The safest lineman is one that is afraid of electricity. When we bond to the power lines energized at half-a-million volts, we have to bring ourselves to the same potential. That is why you see that arc jumping out to our wand as we make both the helicopter and the power line at the same potential, so that we can eliminate the flow of current," explains the veteran lineman.
　　Spider wears a protective hot suit, 75 percent Nomex for fire retardation and 25 percent stainless steel thread. "The metal thread basically means I have a cage around me that can be energized at very high voltage levels. A half-million volts pass over my body, but I can work without interference from the electricity."
　　He continues, "Watching that electricity jump out while you're energizing the helicopter is a thrill. Getting on the wire, walking the wire to do repairs is a thrill. The biggest thrill I get is from doing what I do is being able to do both together-the electrical part and the helicopter part of it, the speed at which we can do it and still be safe. There are so many things that the helicopter enables us to do as linemen, which is very rewarding."
　　The teamwork of the skilled helicopter pilots and highly trained linemen ensure that the PPL Corp. provides a constant source of electricity to its 1.3 million customers in Pennsylvania (in addition to 4.4 million in Latin America and Europe). To maintain the integrity of the transmission system to residential and commercial establishments, and to ensure the safety of the operation, the team plans and rehearses every move while on the ground before takeoff. Even so, unanticipated gusts of wind and glare from the wires can affect the pilot's depth perception, requiring total concentration during his hours at the controls. As the helicopter is isolated from the ground, the pilot and lineman, clad in protective stainless steel suits, must bond onto the transmission lines to bring themselves to the same voltage potential of the line to work safely-paralleling what a bird does when it sits on a wire.
　　Probably the most unusual place that the director rigged the camera was on the end of the platform on the MD 500, which is designed to carry the lineman as he bonds onto the half-million-volt power line. "We took away the lineman and put the camera in his place; the lineman rode behind the camera and used his wand to draw the arc of electricity right onto the camera lens. I don't think it's been done before. It blew all the electronics out of the camera a couple of times before we figured out how to do it," recalls Douglas.
　　The Boeing 234 Helicopter: Helilogging with Limited Environmental Damage
　　Floating above the forest in northern California, a 12-ton Boeing 234 helicopter selects its target with precision. Selective logging is a process where only a portion of the available timber is removed from a logging site. A single tree is lifted straight up from the forest floor, leaving the rest of the area environmentally intact. Removing such timber-very often trees that are already dead or diseased-allows the remaining trees to thrive on the additional resources of sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. Helilogging is environmentally friendly in other ways as well. First, since the logs are lifted from the ground, little soil erosion, typical of conventional logging methods, occurs. Second, in many cases the helicopter is able to use existing roads for landings, meaning no new roads need to be built into the area being logged.
　　Columbia Helicopters cuts more logs each year than any other helicopter logging company. To prepare the timber for the helicopter, the specially trained logging crew cut it into carefully weighed sections. Columbia's flight crews are among the most experienced at long-line work in the world. With speed and precision, they are able to move heavy loads of logs at the end of lines up to 350-feet long. Once the line is lowered from the Boeing 234 helicopter, steel tongs clamp the log and the entire tree is removed without disturbing the balance of nature. "It's kinda like lookin' down 25 stories and picking up a telephone pole," comments the helicopter pilot, Dave Stroupe, who deposits the timber at a nearby transfer yard. "The unique thing about this helicopter is that, when we take off from the ground, we weigh approximately 22,000 pounds. And we're rigged for about 26,000 pounds when we get low on fuel. So the load actually weighs more than the helicopter. It's exciting and harrowing all at the same time."
　　The Boeing 234s have a lift capacity of 28,000 lb, (12,727 kg), but most often carry loads between 23,000 lb, (10,454 kg) to 24,000 lb (10,909 kg) due to elevation and air temperature considerations. The company trains loggers to work with helicopters because load weight is such a dramatic part of what they do. Weight is determined, using a formula, which are a function of the volume and the type of wood. Different tree species have different weights per volume.
　　When one of the pilots suggested using the log as a platform for the camera, Douglas realized another exciting camera angle. The possibility existed that the branches could scrape off the camera as the log was hauled up. Douglas prevented this by placing the camera inside a heavy steel avalanche box, which he anchored on the end of a big log. Once the log was grappled, the helicopter hauled the protected camera right through the branches, giving the audience a breathtaking view from the perspective of the log! The U.S. Marine Corps AV-8B Harrier, AH-1W Cobra, CH-53E Super Stallion and CH-46E Sea Knight on a Military Mission
　　An AV-8B Harrier jet demonstrates its vertical landing ability followed by a force reconnaissance inservice exercise from an aircraft carrier, as Marines climb aboard the CH-53E. AH-1W Cobras and Harriers form an assault-support package, as the reconnaissance team sets out on a mission to obtain invaluable intelligence about the enemy.
　　Inside the CH-53E, the machine-gunner is at the ready as a Cobra fires three rockets. The action heats up as the IMAX camera captures the Marines fast-roping through the "hell hole" and sliding down a rope dangling from the CH-53E, landing in enemy territory. The leader of the reconnaissance team says, "By the time you get to touch rope in a live situation, you and your men feel tighter than family. Your fates are tied like the strands of a rope."
　　Two hours later the Marines have completed their mission and are ready to be evacuated. Now the enemy hunts them on the ground. Trees shake as the rescue CH-53E helicopter hovers overhead, lowering a rope to the squad, now up to their waists in water. One after the other, in a matter of seconds, the men clip themselves onto the rope. "Extraction, even more than insertion, is when you need speed. You've been awful quiet. Suddenly, you're awful loud," says Sgt. James Kenneke, the squad leader. He's first in and last out. Lifted up, like washing on a line, the squad dangles beneath the helicopter as it is escorted by Cobras, out over the Atlantic.
　　"It's a relief to get out. But there's that moment of doubt. Everything slows down while you're exposed � holding your breath for that happy ending. And when you get it, you feel on top of the world. Of course, then we've got to commute home just like everybody else," smiles Kennecke.
　　The Mi-26 and Mi-8 Deliver Humanitarian Aid
　　Sometimes, something very precious must be delivered behind enemy lines-food. Sierra Leone is a nation that has suffered years of conflict. From the food depot to the hot spot, helicopters provide an air bridge. Hoisting food and medical supplies to distressed people behind rebel-held territories, they have the ability to hop over hot zones in desperate situations.
　　The world's largest production helicopter-the Russian-made Mi-26-is the workhorse for the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operation in war-torn Sierra Leone. The heaviest production helicopter in the world, this majestic eight-bladed craft-one of four chartered by the UN from Russia-can carry a maximum of 44,090 lb (20,040 kg) of internal payload or up to 70 troops. The Mi-26's top speed is 183 mph (295 kph) and it has a range of 304 miles (400 km).
　　In this sequence, the Mi-26 is loaded with cargo to supply UN troops protecting an isolated community in the center of rebel-held territory. The world's largest food agency, the UN World Food Program (WFP), organized a massive air campaign targeting internally displaced persons that had congregated near a clinic for malnourished children. Once rebels from the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) had surrounded the area and blocked road access, the WFP was prevented from completing a bulk distribution. Instead, they loaded up their Mi-8 and flew to the Daru clinic where the most vulnerable women and children were located.
　　"All children under five who are malnourished are given a special feeding program in Daru. And the under-five are always the first ones you target for any kind of extreme malnourished cases, because they die very quickly," says Aya Shneerson, program officer for the WFP. "Daru is a kind of an island, a safe island, surrounded by areas that are unsafe," she says, "and for that reason, it always served as a sort of magnet for the very vulnerable people coming out."
　　Another big WFP operation, Food for Peace, gives food to child ex-combatants, in an effort to attract them to disarmament and demobilization camps.
　　The heavily laden craft flew out of the capital city, Freetown, situated on the west coast of Africa between Guinea on the north and Liberia on the south. The WFP supervises a variety of feeding programs in the displacement camps, feeding 5,000 in an operation that targeted Bunbuna, Kabala and Daru in 2000.
　　Throughout the world, helicopters have saved millions of human lives. There are 777 million people in developing countries, according to the WFP. In 2001 the WFP fed 77 million hungry people (10 percent of the hungry poor) in 82 countries.
　　Diamonds, which should have brought prosperity to Sierra Leone, instead resulted in one of the modern world's most brutal insurgencies, dating back to 1991 when rebels launched a war to overthrow the government. In the ensuing years, continuous battles between the various factions-rebels, the army and the government-displaced tens of thousands of innocent civilians, resulting in hunger and famine. In 1998 UN observers documented reports of ongoing atrocities and human rights abuses. In 1999 negotiations began between the government and the rebels, and an agreement was signed in Lome to end hostilities and form a government of national unity. By 2000, the UN's expanded role resulted in the deployment of 17,500 military peacekeeping personnel to various parts of the country. Free elections in May 2002 have given hope and a fresh started in Sierra Leone.
　　The AS 350 B2 and AS 350 B3 Used for Wildlife Relocation
　　In South Africa, helicopters are helping to save the black rhino from extinction. Protected in a few remote preserves, their numbers are rising. However, should the rhinos feel overcrowded, they will fight to the death. To protect the species, some must be relocated to safe habitats, but this is easier said than done.
　　A platform dangles from a helicopter overhead. Inside another helicopter, flying low over the South African veldt, a man with a rifle takes aim at a black rhinoceros, dodging through the bushes below. The pilot concentrates on flying 5 feet above and 10 to15 feet behind the rhino. Anticipating its every move, a wildlife veterinarian pulls the trigger of his gun loaded with a tranquilizer dart, scoring a direct hit that successfully penetrates the rhino's inch-thick skin.
　　"When I am darting animals like the black rhino, there is this immense trust between myself and Piet, the pilot," says wildlife veterinarian, Dr. Douw Grobler, who specializes in immunizations and translocations. "I know exactly what he's going to do and where he's going to place me. I don't have to think. I can just concentrate on the animals. I just know he's gong to put me there in the right spot at the right time. It's almost that he senses what the animal's going to do. In that way, he can change the animal's mind with his helicopter."
　　Grobler has measured a specific drug dosage, which can keep a rhino asleep for up to two hours. Once the rhino is darted, the ground crew lands as soon as possible to undertake a multitude of tasks. They monitor the beast's vital signs, take skin and blood samples to study its basic health and to detect any nutrients that are lacking. This ensures that the habitat is healthy for long-term propagation. They also conduct pregnancy testing. Each rhino's ear is notched so that it can be identified easily from the air and ground. The tip of the second horn is removed to provide material for genetic research, and a transmitter is fitted into the rhino's horn for tracking its whereabouts. Poachers present a constant danger to the rhinos' security. Should a poacher remove the horn for export, the transmitter would trigger an alarm.
　　When two males inhabit the same territory, one must be relocated before they battle to the death. Placing a sling in position, the crew rolls the rhino aboard the platform, making sure it is fully asleep. With a lifting capability of 3,500 lb (1,590 kg), the AStar B 3 can relocate the 2,250-lb (1022-kg) rhino to an area of the sanctuary that is accessible only by helicopter.
　　The extensive research on eleven black rhinos acquired during the four-day shoot was made possible only through SK Film's financial contribution. "My field of expertise lies in the capture and relocation of African wildlife. I am extremely grateful to Straight Up! for sponsoring this incredibly important research and relocation program at the game park. Without the film, this research would not have happened," says Grobler, who organized the capture, research and relocation project, with the film's production crew. "Every animal is just so valuable," he says, "and any information that can be collected on them is worth its weight in gold."
　　The prehistoric ancestor of today's rhinos existed more than 50 million years ago. Among today's five rhino species, the black rhino, which has two horns, has suffered the most spectacular rate of decline. From a population of 65,000 in 1970 it had been hunted almost to extinction, declining to a population of 2,300 by 1992-93. Current statistics indicate that the African black rhino population has risen to 3,500 as a result of the protection of nature reserves, developed by conservancy groups, agencies and governments to facilitate breeding and relocation programs.
　　This segment of Straight Up! was filmed in one such reserve in South Africa, where black rhinos had been reintroduced in 1986. The helicopter, an irreplaceable co

　　庞大的黑猩猩群落在乌干达的森林中繁衍生息，应对复杂的社会关系、家族变迁以及危险的领地争端。